Here’s a basic example of composition in Python:

Example: Car and Engine:

• [Composition] The Car class includes an Engine instance as part of its attributes, indicating a "has-a" relationship.
• [Behavior Delegation] The Car delegates the starting and stopping behavior to its Engine object.
• [Flexibility] You can swap the Engine object with another implementation without modifying the Car class, making the design more modular and flexible.

class Engine:
    def __init__(self, horsepower):
        self.horsepower = horsepower

    def start(self):
        print(f"Engine with {self.horsepower} HP started.")

    def stop(self):
        print(f"Engine with {self.horsepower} HP stopped.")


class Car:
    def __init__(self, make, model, engine):
        self.make = make
        self.model = model
        self.engine = engine  # Composition: Car "has an" Engine

    def start(self):
        print(f"{self.make} {self.model} is starting...")
        self.engine.start()  # Delegating behavior to Engine

    def stop(self):
        print(f"{self.make} {self.model} is stopping...")
        self.engine.stop()  # Delegating behavior to Engine


# Create an Engine object
engine = Engine(horsepower=150)

# Create a Car object that has the Engine
car = Car(make="Toyota", model="Corolla", engine=engine)

# Use the Car and its Engine
car.start()
car.stop()